Control Branch

Under the command of an Assistant Director, the Control Branch comprises the Airport Division, the Border (Rail) Division, the Border (Vehicles) Division and the Harbour Division. The Airport Division and the Border (Rail) Division are each headed by a Senior Principal Immigration Officer while the Border (Vehicles) Division and the Harbour Division are each headed by a Principal Immigration Officer. The divisions share responsibilities in maintaining immigration control by denying entry of undesirable persons and preventing wanted criminals from departure, and facilitating the mobility of travellers.

Immigration Control Points

Unlike some parts of the world, the Immigration Department in Hong Kong examines every person passing in and out of Hong Kong, be it by air, land or sea. An effective immigration control is important towards maintaining law and order as well as the harmonious relationship with different nations and regions. Through immigration examination, wanted criminals are intercepted while undesirables are denied entry into Hong Kong. Persons who do not have the right of abode or the right to land in Hong Kong must fulfill normal immigration requirements when seeking to enter Hong Kong. These include the possession of valid travel documents, sufficient means of support and re-entry facilities to their countries of domicile. Passengers who cannot fulfill these requirements or whose bona fides as genuine visitors are in doubt will not be allowed to enter Hong Kong and will be repatriated. In 2018, 54,195 passengers were refused permission to land in Hong Kong.

The Department is committed to providing efficient and courteous services at control points and efforts are constantly made to facilitate travellers. This enables the tourists to have a pleasant and welcoming first impression as soon as they arrive in Hong Kong and have a good memory of Hong Kong as a warm and nice place.

Airport Division

The Airport Division is responsible for exercising immigration control at the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA).

Passenger Traffic

The HKIA is one of the busiest airports in the world. In 2018, 53.3 million landing and departing passengers used the HKIA.

With effect from January 2010, the Airport Division has enhanced its performance pledge. The new pledge is to clear 98 per cent of residents and 95 per cent of visitors within 15-minute waiting time. In 2018, 100 per cent of residents and 99.9 per cent of visitors were cleared within 15-minute waiting time in the Airport.

Spot Checks

To prevent the entry of undesirable persons and deter illegal migration activities, the Airport Division from time to time conducts spot checks on passengers in the arrival and departure halls, transit lounge, transfer areas and boarding gates. In 2018, 98 persons were intercepted for investigation in the Airport for activities related to fraudulent passports and visas.

Customer Service

To provide greater convenience for departing visitors, self-service departure for visitors (Smart Departure) was launched at HKIA on 10 October 2017. The service was extended to other control points on 18 December 2017. Smart Departure employs facial recognition technology for identity verification, which allows eligible visitors holding electronic travel documents to perform self-service departure clearance through Smart Departure e-Channels without prior enrolment.

Business Aviation Centre

To meet the demand for business aviation service, the Business Aviation Centre was set up to provide travel convenience for users of private or chartered aircrafts. Business travellers benefit most from the dedicated immigration clearance service provided on a user-pay basis. In 2018, a total of 7,646 aircrafts and 29,146 travellers and crew used the centre.

The SkyPier

The SkyPier, a cross-boundary passenger ferry terminal for transit passengers located at the HKIA, provides direct air-sea link between the HKIA and nine ports in the Pearl River Delta, namely Lianhuashan and Nansha of Guangzhou, Shekou and Fuyong of Shenzhen, Humen of Dongguan, Zhongshan, Jiuzhou of Zhuhai, Macao Maritime Ferry Terminal and Taipa. Transit passengers using the SkyPier services enjoy travel convenience at the HKIA without having to go through immigration and customs formalities. There are 84 participating airlines that provide check-in services at the SkyPier. In 2018, more than 1.67 million arriving and 0.93 million departing transit passengers made use of the SkyPier.

To further enhance the service, cross-boundary one-stop check-in services are available at Nansha, Lianhuashan, Shekou, Fuyong, Humen, Zhongshan, Jiuzhou, Macao Maritime Ferry Terminal and Taipa. Passengers can obtain their boarding passes and check in their luggage for direct transfer from ferries using the SkyPier to their designated flights at the HKIA. Currently, there are 45 airlines participated in providing the service.

Frequent Visitor e-Channel

From 19 May 2008 onwards, visitors aged 18 or above who hold a valid HKSAR Travel Pass or APEC Business Travel Card with the economy code ‘HKG’ are able to enjoy self-service immigration clearance at the HKIA. From 7 September 2009, the frequent visitor e-Channel service has been extended to selected members of Frequent Flyer Programmes of designated airlines which have joined this arrangement. From 30 April 2012, the service has been further extended to include visitors (a) holding a valid travel document which does not require an entry visa / permit for entering Hong Kong; (b) having made visits to Hong Kong by air via the HKIA for not less than three times in the 12 months immediately before enrolment; and (c) having no adverse record in Hong Kong.

Following the arrangements for the mutual use of automated immigration clearance services with Korea, Singapore, Germany and Australia in December 2013, September 2014, November 2014 and June 2016 respectively, a similar arrangement with Thailand was implemented in September 2018. All eligible visitors under the agreements may enrol for e-Channel service at the Immigration Tower, Airport or Macau Ferry Terminal Control Point.

As at 31 December 2018, 0.31 million frequent visitors had enrolled for the service at the Airport Control Point. Over 4.95 million arriving and over 7.08 million departing visitors had made use of the self-service immigration clearance.

A total of 59 multi-purpose e-Channels are installed at HKIA, with 26 at the arrival halls and 33 at the departure halls.

Border (Rail) Division

The Border (Rail) Division comprises four control points located at Lo Wu, Hung Hom, Lok Ma Chau Spur Line and West Kowloon Station of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link. The Lo Wu and Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Points handle passengers conveyed by the MTR. The Hung Hom and Express Rail Link West Kowloon Control Points provide immigration clearance service for passengers who take through-trains and high speed rail respectively running between the Mainland and Hong Kong.

Lo Wu Control Point

Being the busiest control point in Hong Kong with the highest passenger traffic, the Lo Wu Control Point handled over 85.1 million passengers in 2018, representing an increase of 4.2 per cent as compared with that in 2017. Among them, 24.4 million were visitors, representing an increase of 10.7 per cent over 2017.

The traffic at the Lo Wu Control Point is extremely busy on festive days. In 2018, the daily average passenger traffic was 230,000. During weekends or festive periods, the daily passenger figure could exceed 270,000. To cope with the huge passenger traffic during festive periods, the Department arranged extra manpower from other sections to reinforce the Lo Wu Control Point. In 2018, 100 per cent of passengers were cleared within 30 minutes.

To expedite the clearance of cross-boundary students (CBS), there is a total of six designated e-Channels for CBS at the Lo Wu Control Point. In addition, there is a total of 181 multi-purpose e-Channels, with 96 at the arrival hall and 85 at the departure hall.

Hung Hom Control Point

The Hung Hom Control Point provides clearance service for travellers taking through-trains to and from the Mainland. The daily 26 runs of through-trains to and from the Mainland serve Dongguan, Guangzhou, Foshan and Zhaoqing of Guangdong province, and as far as Shanghai and Beijing. The passenger traffic at the Hung Hom Control Point in 2018 was 3.83 million, representing a decrease of 0.8 per cent as compared with that of 2017. In 2018, 100 per cent of passengers were cleared within 30 minutes.

A total of 17 multi-purpose e-Channels are installed at the Hung Hom Control Point, with nine at the arrival hall and eight at the departure hall.

Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point

The Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point is located at Lok Ma Chau Terminus (the Terminus) of the MTR East Rail Line and is another land boundary control point for railway passengers. There is a Public Transport Interchange adjacent to the Terminus to cater for cross-boundary passengers using franchised buses, public light buses and taxis. The control point is linked to the Futian Port of Shenzhen by a two-level passenger bridge.

In 2018, over 56.3 million passengers travelled through the Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point while the daily average number of passengers was 150,000, representing a decrease of 5.3 per cent as compared with that in 2017. In 2018, 100 per cent of passengers were cleared within 30 minutes.

To expedite the clearance of CBS, there is a total of six designated e-Channels for CBS at the Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point. There is a total of 106 multi-purpose e-Channels, with 50 at the arrival hall and 56 at the departure hall.

Express Rail Link West Kowloon Control Point

The Express Rail Link West Kowloon Control Point was officially commissioned on 23 September 2018. It adopts the ‘co-location’ mode of clearance arrangement, which allows passengers to go through both Hong Kong and Mainland immigration clearance inside the control point.

From its commissioning to the end of 2018, over 5.27 million passengers travelled through the Express Rail Link West Kowloon Control Point, i.e. a daily average of around 53,000. In 2018, 100 per cent of passengers were cleared within 30 minutes.

A total of 51 multi-purpose e-Channels are installed at the Express Rail Link West Kowloon Control Point, with 22 at the arrival hall and 29 at the departure hall.

Border (Vehicles) Division

The Border (Vehicles) Division comprises five control points located at Lok Ma Chau, Man Kam To, Sha Tau Kok, Shenzhen Bay and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) Hong Kong Port. These control points provide immigration clearance service for vehicular traffic and passengers travelling to and from the Mainland by shuttle buses (at Lok Ma Chau and the HZMB only), coaches or private cars.

Lok Ma Chau Control Point

In 2018, the vehicle throughput at the Lok Ma Chau Control Point was 8.14 million. Among these vehicles, private cars accounted for 3.37 million, similar to that in 2017. In 2018, 28.6 million passengers travelled through the Lok Ma Chau Control Point, including 10.1 million visitors, who represented 35 per cent of the passenger mix, which is also similar to that in 2017. In 2018, 100 per cent of passengers were cleared within 30 minutes.

A total of 46 multi-purpose e-Channels are installed at the Lok Ma Chau Control Point, with 23 at the arrival hall and 23 at the departure hall.

24-hour Boundary Crossing for Passengers at Lok Ma Chau Control Point

The Lok Ma Chau Control Point has been providing round-the-clock passenger clearance service since 27 January 2003. In 2018, a daily average of 11,800 passengers travelled through the control point during the overnight period (midnight to 6:30 a.m.). Overnight passenger traffic rose beyond 13,950 on average during weekends or public holidays.

Man Kam To Control Point

The Man Kam To Control Point provides immigration clearance service for cross-boundary vehicles and passengers. In 2018, the vehicle throughput at the Man Kam To Control Point was 1.67 million, representing a decrease of 10 per cent as compared with that in 2017. In addition, 4.3 million passengers travelled through this control point, representing an increase of 1.3 per cent as compared with that in 2017. Among them, 2.03 million were visitors, representing an increase of 6.7 per cent over 2017. In 2018, 100 per cent of passengers were cleared within 30 minutes.

A total of 18 multi-purpose e-Channels are installed at the Man Kam To Control Point, with nine at the arrival hall and nine at the departure hall.

Sha Tau Kok Control Point

The Sha Tau Kok Control Point provides immigration clearance service for cross-boundary vehicles and passengers. Passengers mainly travel by coaches, hire cars or private cars running between the Mainland and Hong Kong. In 2018, the vehicle throughput at the Sha Tau Kok Control Point was 0.84 million, representing a decrease of 4.5 per cent as compared with that in 2017. In addition, 3.09 million passengers travelled through the Sha Tau Kok Control Point, similar to that in 2017. In 2018, 100 per cent of passengers were cleared within 30 minutes.

A total of 10 multi-purpose e-Channels are installed at the Sha Tau Kok Control Point, with five at the arrival hall and five at the departure hall.

Shenzhen Bay Control Point

The Shenzhen Bay Control Point is the first boundary control point adopting the ‘co-location’ mode of clearance arrangement, which provides immigration clearance service for both passengers and vehicles travelling between the Mainland and Hong Kong.

With the co-location arrangement, much time is saved as passengers conveyed by coaches will only have to get on and off the vehicles once instead of twice when going through immigration clearance at both immigration authorities within the Passenger Terminal Building. For each vehicular clearance kiosk, staff of both Immigration Department and Customs and Excise Department is housed in two closely adjoining compartments, facilitating the provision of one-stop immigration and customs clearance services to cross-boundary vehicles.

The control point operates from 6:30 a.m. to midnight. At present, there are various cross-boundary coaches providing transportation services between Hong Kong and the Mainland. The Public Transport Interchange in the Hong Kong Port Area also provides transportation services of urban / New Territories taxi, franchised bus and public light bus.

The passenger throughput at the Shenzhen Bay Control Point increased by 9 per cent from 40.6 million in 2017 to 44.3 million in 2018, including 21.9 million visitors, representing an increase of 13.1 per cent as compared with that in 2017. In 2018, 99.9 per cent of passengers were cleared within 30 minutes.

The vehicle throughput was 4.81 million in 2018, representing an increase of 3.7 per cent as compared with 4.64 million in 2017. Among these vehicles, 68.3 per cent were private cars, 25.6 per cent were goods vehicles and the rest were coaches.

A total of 63 multi-purpose e-Channels are installed at the Shenzhen Bay Control Point, with 24 at the arrival hall and 39 at the departure hall.

Starting from 2014, the designated Hong Kong resident kiosks for southbound private cars with ‘Driver On-board Only’ and ‘One Passenger On-board Only’ are put into operation from 3:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. daily at the Shenzhen Bay Control Point.

Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Control Point

Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Control Point was officially commissioned on 24 October 2018. It is the first land-boundary control point linking Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao. The boundary crossing facilities at the HZMB adopt the ‘separate locations’ mode of clearance arrangement. The governments of the three places have set their own boundary crossing facilities within their respective boundaries. Facilities such as the Passenger Clearance Building and vehicle clearance kiosks at the Hong Kong Port provide immigration clearance service for cross-boundary passengers and vehicles respectively.

Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Control Point provides round-the-clock immigration clearance service. From its commissioning to the end of 2018, 4.82 million passengers travelled through the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Control Point, including 3.03 million visitors. In 2018, 98.7 per cent of passengers were cleared within 30 minutes.

Moreover, the vehicle throughput at the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Control Point was 220,000. Among these vehicles, 37.5 per cent were private cars, 4.1 per cent were goods vehicles, 37.3 per cent were shuttle buses and the rest were coaches.

A total of 74 multi-purpose e-Channels are installed at the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Control Point, with 34 at the arrival hall and 40 at the departure hall.

Simplified Clearance Procedure and On-board Clearance Service for Cross-boundary Students

To further assist cross-boundary students to travel between the Mainland and Hong Kong, the Department implemented the simplified clearance procedure for CBS in the 2012/13 school year at the Lok Ma Chau Spur Line, Shenzhen Bay, Lok Ma Chau, Man Kam To and Sha Tau Kok Control Points and extended it to Lo Wu Control Point in the 2013/14 school year. The procedure makes use of information technology and a portable device to enhance the immigration clearance process for CBS. In addition, the on-board clearance service now available at Man Kam To, Sha Tau Kok, and Lok Ma Chau Control Points will be further extended to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Control Point in 2019 to provide speedier and safer clearance service for CBS. In the 2018/19 school year, 164 cross-boundary school buses travelled between Hong Kong and Shenzhen via the four vehicular control points on every school day, representing a decrease of 20 per cent as compared with 205 cross-boundary school buses in the last school year.

Harbour Division

The Harbour Division is responsible for providing immigration clearance service for people travelling through the ports of Hong Kong. There are five sections under the command of the Harbour Division, namely the Harbour Control Section, the Macau Terminal Section, the China Ferry Terminal Section, the Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal Section and the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal Section.

Harbour Control Section

One of the duties of the Harbour Control Section is to conduct immigration clearance on incoming and outgoing vessels at the two designated immigration anchorages, namely the Eastern Quarantine and Immigration Anchorage and the Western Quarantine and Immigration Anchorage. In 2018, the Harbour Control Section cleared a total of 173,328 vessels, representing a slight decrease of about 3.5 per cent as compared with 179,642 vessels in 2017.

Besides, the Harbour Control Section is responsible for handling cases concerning repatriation and emergency discharge of seamen, deserters, stowaways, etc. To step up post-entry enforcement measures, the Ship Searching Unit of the section conducts searches and spot checks on vessels in Hong Kong waters regularly to ensure that all incoming vessels comply with the immigration requirements.

The Ship Searching Unit comprises four operation teams and one intelligence and logistics support team. The operation teams are responsible for conducting searches and spot checks on vessels in Hong Kong waters to detect evasion of immigration examination cases, forgeries, illegal immigrants, overstayers, etc., with a view to tightening immigration control at sea and combating illicit immigration activities. The intelligence and logistics support team is responsible for the collection and analysis of relevant information and intelligence.

Pre-arrival Clearance Scheme

To facilitate the cargo and logistics industry, the Pre-arrival Clearance Scheme has been implemented for years. Approved vessels can proceed directly to berths or terminals for cargo operations without having to wait for immigration clearance at the anchorages. In 2018, 22,343 ocean-going vessels and 55,109 Mainland river / coastal trade vessels were approved under this Scheme prior to their entry to Hong Kong.

The arrangement helps save much of the operational costs and time. It also helps develop and promote Hong Kong’s position as a preferred international and regional transportation and logistics hub.

Macau Terminal Section

The Macau Terminal Section provides immigration clearance service for passengers travelling by vessels between Hong Kong and Macao or nearby ports of Guangdong Province, or by helicopters between Hong Kong and Macao at the Macau Ferry Terminal.

In 2018, a total of 16.29 million passengers travelled to and from Macao and some nearby ports of Guangdong Province via the Macau Ferry Terminal. The figure decreased by 5.9 per cent as compared with that of 2017. The terminal was the busiest immigration check point among all harbour control points. The majority of the passengers were Hong Kong residents – with the number standing at 9.35 million whereas the visitor traffic was 6.94 million. The terminal operates round-the-clock with around 267 daily sailings between Hong Kong and Macao or the Mainland. There is also helicopter service between Hong Kong and Macao with around 33 flights per day.

A total of 54 multi-purpose e-Channels are installed at the Macau Ferry Terminal Control Point, with 26 at the arrival hall and 28 at the departure hall.

China Ferry Terminal Section

The China Ferry Terminal Section provides immigration clearance service for passengers travelling by vessels between Hong Kong and the Mainland or Macao at the China Ferry Terminal.

In 2018, the China Ferry Terminal handled a daily average of 96 sailings between Hong Kong and Macao or the Mainland. In the same year, 6.83 million passengers were handled by the China Ferry Terminal Section. The majority of the passengers were visitors, with the number standing at 3.88 million.

A total of 28 multi-purpose e-Channels are installed at the China Ferry Terminal Control Point, with 11 at the arrival hall and 17 at the departure hall.

Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal Section

The Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal Section provides immigration clearance service for passengers travelling by vessels between Hong Kong and the Mainland or Macao at the Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal through its Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal Sub-section. Its River Trade Terminal Sub-section provides immigration clearance service for Mainland river or coastal trade vessels.

In 2018, the Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal handled a daily average of 20 sailings between Hong Kong and Macao or the Mainland. In the same period, 0.73 million passengers were handled by the Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal Sub-section. The majority of the passengers were Hong Kong residents, with the number standing at 0.67 million.

A total of six multi-purpose e-Channels are installed at the Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal Control Point, with three at the arrival hall and three at the departure hall.

The River Trade Terminal Sub-section provides round-the-clock immigration clearance service for Mainland river or coastal trade vessels at the Tuen Mun Immigration Anchorage so as to relieve the heavy traffic at Ma Wan Channel and facilitate trade activities. In 2018, a daily average of 44 vessels were cleared at the Tuen Mun Immigration Anchorage. The River Trade Terminal Sub-section also deals with repatriation and emergency discharge of seamen, deserters, stowaways, etc.

Kai Tak Cruise Terminal Section

The Kai Tak Cruise Terminal Section provides immigration clearance service for passengers and crew members of cruise liners berthing at the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal, the Ocean Terminal and other anchorages, as well as Hong Kong-based passenger liners.

In 2018, about 2,400 sailings of overseas and Hong Kong-based passenger liners with 1.73 million passengers were handled by the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal Section. Besides, a total of seven multi-purpose e-Channels are installed.